April 2014
Disease Control Priorities, Disease Control Priorities
March 2014
Disease Control Priorities
December 2010
Malaria, Antibiotic Resistance
What is the knowledge and what are the perceptions of hospital staff in Kenya on antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use practices?Read more
December 2010
Antibiotic Resistance, Malaria, Health and Development
In examining potential short-term to medium-term financial savings, what are the marginal costs and benefits of converting malaria programmes from a control to an elimination goal?Read more
November 2010
Malaria, Malaria
What is the cost-effectiveness of an intervention to supply prereferral rectal artesunate to children with suspected malaria?Read more
November 2010
Malaria, Health and Development, Malaria
What strategies best support malaria elimination, taking into account both transmission within an endemic country and imported cases of the disease?Read more
November 2010
Antibiotic Resistance, Malaria
What is the relative feasibility of eliminating malaria across malaria-endemic countries?Read more
November 2010
Antibiotic Resistance, Malaria
What do we mean when we talk about malaria control vs. elimination vs. eradication? This paper provides a historical overview of terminology, and proposes new conceptual definitions.Read more
June 2010
Malaria, Malaria
The mapping here of both communities of countries linked by likely higher levels of infection movement, and natural migration boundaries that display reduced movement of people and infections between regions has practical utility. These maps can inform the design of malaria elimination strategies...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Environmental Health
We propose a heuristic for evaluating model adequacy for the Cox proportional hazard model by comparing the population cumulative hazard with the baseline cumulative hazard. We illustrate how recent results from the theory of competing risk can contribute to analysis of data with the Cox...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Disease Control Priorities
The current World Health Organization recommendations for response during measles epidemics focus on case management rather than outbreak response vaccination (ORV) campaigns, which may occur too late to impact morbidity and mortality and have a high cost per case prevented. Here, we explore the...Read more
May 2010
Disease Control Priorities, Health and Development
Introduction: Although well studied, the seasonality of childhood rotavirus infection in the U.S. is poorly understood. This research explores the spatial and temporal trends in rotavirus activity for select U.S. states and possible underlying mechanisms leading to the seasonality of rotavirus...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
The quantitative analysis of pathogen transmission within its specific spatial context should improve our ability to predict and control the epizootic spread of that disease. We compared two methods for calibrating the effect of local, spatially distributed environmental heterogeneities on disease...Read more
May 2010
Malaria, Health and Development
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
Sir Oliver Razum and colleagues (May 17, p 1739) rightly describe the difficulty inherent in fitting cumulative case data for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to exponential functions and then extrapolating the resulting curve. There are additional subtleties involved in these calculations...Read more
May 2010
Disease Control Priorities, Health and Development
In Vietnam, shigellosis, typhoid fever, and cholera are important enteric diseases. To determine their magnitude and geographical distribution, and explore associated risk factors, we examined national surveillance data from 1991 to 2001 and potential ecological determinants. Average annual...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Antibiotic Resistance
Uniform treatment guidelines are often used in medicine to ensure that all physicians prescribe a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective drug in treating a medical condition. The main message of this paper is that a policy of uniform treatment based on the standard cost-effectiveness criterion may...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
The Global Plan to Stop TB calls for significant financial resources to meet the Millennium Development Goals for tuberculosis. However, it is unclear whether the economic benefits of TB control exceed the costs. Using an epidemiological model, we find that the economic benefits of the Global Plan...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
After HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of adult mortality due to infectious disease in low- and middle-income countries. It accounted for some 1.2 million deaths in 2004 in the 22 countries across Asia and Africa identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as high...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Malaria
May 2010
Health and Development, Alcohol and Tobacco
Although excise taxes on beer, wine, and spirits raise about $15 billion a year in revenue for federal and state governments, current alcohol tax rates in the United States are low by historical standards. In 1980, alcohol taxes represented about 22 percent of the pre-tax price of alcohol, whereas...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
Rabies, caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, is arguably the most important viral zoonotic disease worldwide. Although endemic throughout many regions for millennia, rabies is also undergoing epidemic expansion, often quite rapid, among wildlife populations across regions of Europe and North...Read more
May 2010
Antibiotic Resistance, Health and Development
Rabies is an important public health concern in North America because of recent epidemics of a rabies virus variant associated with raccoons. The costs associated with surveillance, diagnostic testing, and post-exposure treatment of humans exposed to rabies have fostered coordinated efforts to...Read more
May 2010
Environmental Health, Health and Development
Rabies control in terrestrial wildlife reservoirs relies heavily on an oral rabies vaccine (ORV). In addition to direct ORV delivery to protect wildlife in natural habitats, vaccine corridors have been constructed to control the spread; these corridors are often developed around natural barriers,...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
1. A set of metapopulation models representing non-exclusive hypotheses for the persistence of a parasite metapopulation in time were used to examine spatial patterns and processes in a Triphragmium ulmariae-Filipendula ulmaria parasite-host interaction from the Skeppsvik Archipelago, northern...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
Often as an epidemic spreads, the leading front is irregular, reflecting spatial variation in local transmission rates. We developed a methodology for quantifying spatial variation in rates of disease spread across heterogeneous landscapes. Based on data for epidemic raccoon rabies in Connecticut,...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Antibiotic Resistance
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are an important cause of hospital-acquired infections and an emerging infectious disease. VRE infections were resistant to standard antibiotics until quinupristin/dalfopristin (QD), a streptogramin antibiotic, was approved in 1999 for the treatment of...Read more
May 2010
Health and Development, Health and Development
Spatial heterogeneity and long-distance translocation (LDT) play important roles in the spatio-temporal dynamics and management of emerging infectious diseases and invasive species. We assessed the influence of LDT events on the invasive spread of raccoon rabies through Connecticut. We identified...Read more
May 2010
Antibiotic Resistance, Health and Development
Quantifying long-range dissemination of infectious diseases is a key issue in their dynamics and control. Here, we use influenza-related mortality data to analyze the between-state progression of interpandemic influenza in the United States over the past 30 years. Outbreaks show hierarchical...Read more
