A CDDEP study examining the association between multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial infections and in-hospital mortality in India found that in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients infected with MDR or XDR pathogens including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii.

In India, MDR and XDR Gram-negative bacterial infections are frequent, and the availability of effective antibiotic therapies are declining. This study provides greater insight into the urgent need to increase surveillance, research, and antimicrobial stewardship efforts worldwide.